South Korea’s Climate Pledges: Less Than Meets the Eye
South Korea’s Climate Pledges: Less Than Meets the Eye
Once again, the Moon administration is making bold climate pledges on the international stage, while undermining these goals at home.
By Sam Macdonald, international solidarity coordinator from KFEM
At the recent Leaders’ Summit on Climate, hosted by U.S. President Joe Biden, South Korean President Moon Jae-in was praised when he pledged to end public financing for overseas coal projects and release improved emissions targets later this year. But behind Moon’s promises is a government that obstructed legislative efforts to end coal financing, dragged its heels on new emissions targets, and looks set to log and replant 72 percent of the country’s forests in the name of carbon neutrality.
Once again, the Moon administration is making bold climate pledges on the international stage, while undermining these goals at home.
In 2020, South Korea’s national utility, KEPCO, was at the center of an international campaign to end its investments in new coal-fired power plants in Indonesia and Vietnam. In response, lawmakers from Moon’s ruling party proposed legislation to prohibit KEPCO, state banks, and the state trade insurance provider from financing overseas coal plant projects. But on September 14, behind closed doors, the administration scuttled these legislative efforts and greenlit these controversial projects.
Such projects make a mockery of South Korea’s climate commitments, locking in new emissions for the half-century life spans of these plants. This is even more apparent given South Korea’s continued construction of domestic coal plants, which will ensure emissions well beyond 2050, the date the country pledged to be carbon neutral.
The writing on the wall for South Korea’s coal plant export industry had long been clear, and Seoul’s new pledge, while welcome, was somewhat inevitable. KEPCO itself announced last year that the projects in Indonesia and Vietnam would be their last, and in early 2020 the Korean government had to bail out the country’s flagship coal plant exporter, Doosan Heavy Industries, to the eventual sum of 3.6 trillion won ($3.2 billion). Doosan Heavy will build the new plants in Indonesia and Vietnam.
South Korea’s decision to delay the release of new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) stood in stark contrast to the bold commitments made at the climate summit by the U.S., the U.K., and neighboring Japan. Seoul updated its NDCs in December 2020, but despite an improvement in accounting methods, the target remained unchanged from 2016. Specifically, South Korea committed to a 24.4 percent reduction of emissions from 2017 levels by 2030. But this target needs to rise to 59 percent if South Korea hopes to meet its fair share of climate obligations.
Concerns also persist about how Seoul hopes to achieve its emissions reduction targets. In January, the Korea Forest Service announced plans that would allow 72 percent of the nation’s forests to be logged and replanted as part of its 2050 Carbon-Neutral Forestry Sector plan. The decision is based on a redefinition of “old trees” as those aged over 30 years, as well as disputed research on the lifetime carbon absorption of trees.
Rather than focus on South Korean industrial emissions, the country’s largest source of greenhouse gases, Seoul hopes to reach its NDCs through creative carbon accounting in the forestry sector. By 2030, 11 percent of South Korea’s emission reductions will come from real reductions in the industrial sector, 22 percent by cutting down and replanting trees.
South Korea continues to make bold climate statements on the world stage, but its domestic record fails to back these up. If Seoul is to release new NDCs this year they must not only be significantly higher, but they must tackle the real sources of emissions. Anything less would render Moon Jae-in’s recent pledges at the Biden summit entirely meaningless.
전세계 30여 마리가 남지 않은 것으로 보고된 바키타 돌고래 ⓒNOAA[/caption]
식용의 목적으로 남획되고 있는 밍크고래 ⓒNOAA[/caption]
제주 연안에서 유영하는 남방큰돌고래 ⓒ핫핑크돌핀스[/caption]
지구상에서 가장 큰 생물, 대왕고래 ⓒNOAA[/caption]
지구상에서 가장 오래 사는 생물인 북극고래 ⓒNOAA[/caption]
귀여운 얼굴에 미소를 띈 상괭이 ⓒ서울환경운동연합[/caption]
수면위로 머리를 내민 혹등고래 ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
바다의 무법자로 불려지는 범고래 ⓒNOAA[/caption]
이빨고래 중 크기가 가장 큰 향유고래 ⓒNOA[/caption]
수족관 쇼 돌고래로 납치되고 있는 큰돌고래. 납치할 수 없는 조건의 큰 돌고래는 죽임을 당한다. ⓒNOAA[/caption]
눈다랑어와 동급인 멸종위기 생물들 ⓒREDLIST[/caption]
멸종위기동물의 이미지를 가진 캐릭터가 멸종위기동물을 팔아 남극을 지키겠다는 생각의 홍보물 ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
▲ 전례없는 대형 산불로 비상사태가 선포된 호주 남동부 지역. 인명 피해 뿐 아니라 호주를 상징하는 코알라 등 야생동물과 가축의 피해도 커지고 있다. 출처:the Sun[/caption]
▲ 2019년 12월 5일 부터 2020년 1월 5일까지 호주에서 발생한 산불을 NASA에서 화재관측위성 데이터로 3D화한 사진. 기후변화로 인해 특히 호주 동부해안의 경우 산불 발생 가능성이 더 높아졌다. 출처:NASA[/caption]
▲ 12월 19일 호주 시민들이 시드니 총리관저 앞에서 스콧 모리슨 총리에게 산불 대책과 기후변화에 대한 긴급 조치를 요구하며 시위를 벌였다. ⓒJenny Evans / Getty Images[/caption]
▲ 지난해 아마존을 불태운 대형 산불. 아마존 산불은 인위적 방화가 주 원인이었지만, 기후 변화로 인해 자연적 발화 역시 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. ⓒ지구의벗 브라질[/caption]
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