유네스코 무형문화유산보호협약(Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: 이하 “협약”)이 2003년에 선포되고 2006년에 발효 된 이래 협약에 따른 의무를 이행하기 위한 178개 협약 가입국들의 활동이 점차 확대되어 소멸 위기에 처한 수많은 인류의 무형문화유산의 보존과 전승에 적지 않은 성과를 거두고 있는 중이다. 2019 말 까지 508개의 무형유산이 국제적 차원의 보호대상으로 지정돼 유네스코 목록에 등재되었고 앞으로 더 많은 무형유산이 계속 등재될 것이다. 우리나라도 2008년에 강릉 단오제, 판소리, 종묘제례악 등 3개를 등재한 이래 2018년 남북한이 공동으로 등재한 씨름에 이르기 까지 20개의 무형문화유산을 유네스코의 대표보호목록에 등재해 놓고 있다.
하지만 소멸되어가는 무형유산 보전에 간한 법제도 정비는 아직 보완해야 할 과제들이 다수 존재하며 이에 대한 법제도 및 예산관련 한 정책과제를 점검하고 있음
과거 세계적 경제위기 사례(대공황, 글로벌 금융위기 등) 를 살펴보면 위기 이전으로 회복하는 데는 상당한 시간이 소요될 것으로 보인다. 코로나19의 경우에도 향후 세계경 제에 상당한 충격을 줄 것으로 예상되고 있으며, 한국의 경 우 위기 이전에도 이미 경제 펀더멘털이 상당히 약화된 상 태이다. 지난 수년 간 소득주도성장으로 대표되는 정책실 험으로 쇠약해진 한국경제는 GDP 갭이 계속 확대(실질성 장률 < 잠재성장률)되고 있었던 상황이고, 실물경제의 어 려움으로 금융시장의 변동성도 매우 커졌으며 주가의 경우 유동성 공급 등 호재에 따라 급등하였다가 다시 급락하는 장세를 보이고 있다. 또한 코로나19로 인한 기업부문의 부 진도 상당히 지속될 것이며 글로벌 금융위기 때와 같이 조 기에 회복되기는 어려울 전망이다. 무역부문에 있어서도 전 세계적으로 상당한 교역부진이 예상되며 이에 따라 한 국의 수출도 상당히 영향을 받을 것으로 보인다.
종합하면 이번 위기는 그 강도와 지속기간이 글로벌 금 융위기보다 크고 길 가능성이 높으며 한국경제의 체력마 저 쇠약한 상태이므로 회복에는 상당한 기간이 소요될 것 이고, 코로나19의 종식 이후에도 V자형 회복은 어려울 전 망이다. 결국 장기불황에 대비할 수밖에 없는 상황으로 재 정여력의 확보가 매우 중요한 상황이다. 한 두 번의 대규모 유동성 공급으로 현재의 위기를 극복하는 것은 쉽지 않을 것이며, 재정의 재구조화를 통해 재정여력을 확보하고 재 정의 효율적 운용을 통해 재정의 생산성을 제고할 필요가 있다. 생산적인 곳에 세금을 부과하여 비생산적인 곳에 재 원을 이전하는 비효율적 정책을 배제하여 성장동력의 훼손 을 막아야 하는 것이다. 또한 정책기조의 획기적 전환을 통 해 위기를 극복하고 코로나19 종식 후 세계시장을 선점할 수 있는 동력확보에 노력을 기울여야 한다. 특히 최저임금 인상, 법인세 인상, 근로시간 단축 등 그동안의 정책실험은 한국경제의 생산성과 경쟁력을 높이는데 실패한 원인이라 는 점을 유념해야 한다.
요 약 □ 법률의 제정 현황 ◦ 일본은 인구가 급감하는 지역의 경제활성화를 위해 「지역인구 급감에 대처하기 위한 특정지역 만들기 사업추진에 관한 법률」을 2019년 12월 4일에 제정·공포하였으며, 이 법은 2020년 6월 4일부터 시행될 예정임 □ 법률의 주요 내용 ◦ 이 법은 인구급감지역에서 특정지역만들기 사업과 사업추진을 위한 협동조합의 설립, 승인 요건, 지원 사항 등을 규정하고 있음 ◦ 특정지역만들기 사업을 수행하려는 협동조합은 도·도·부·현 지사에게 승인을 받아야 하며, 지사는 해당 조합이 법에서 정한 기준을 모두 충족할 경우에 승인할 수 있음. 국가와 지방자치 단체는 승인을 받은 협동조합의 운영을 위해 행정 및 재정 지원을 할 수 있음
□ 국내 시사점 ◦ 첫째, 일본은 인구감소지역을 대상으로 지역의 성장 및 활성화 방안을 담은 별도의 법률을 제정함. 우리나라의 경우도 일본과 같은 사회문제를 겪고 있지만, 인구감소지역만을 대상으로 종합적인 지원책을 담은 별도의 법률은 아직 마련되어 있지 않음 ◦ 둘째, 일본은 특정지역만들기 사업으로써 관련 협동조합을 설립해 일자리를 늘리고, 지역인재를 확보하고자 함. 국내에서도 지역일자리 창출 등을 위해 마을기업 사업을 추진하고 있는데, 이에 대한 법적 근거가 미흡하여 안정적으로 사업을 추진하는데 한계가 있다는 지적이 있어 왔음. 따라서 향후 제21대 국회에서 관련 제도의 법제화가 필요함
·2020년 1분기에 가결된 386건의 법률 중 국가와 지방자치단체의 재정에 영향을 미치는 재정수반법률은 108건(28.0%)으로, 동 법률 시행 시 향후 5년(2020~2024년)간 연평균 6,356억원 수입 감소와 2조 7,693억원의 지출 증가가 예상된다.
·2020년 1분기 국세수입 실적은 69.5조원으로, 전년 동기(78.0조원) 대비 8.5조원(△10.8%) 감소하였다.
Ⅱ. 추계&세제 분석
·OECD(2020)의 조세정책 대응단계 분석틀에 따라 한국, 미국, 유럽, 중국 및 일본의 조세지원 대책을 분석하였다. 현재까지 추진된 주요국의 코로나19 관련 조세지원대책은 위기발생(1단계) 및 봉쇄&완화(2단계) 단계에 대응하는 조치로 평가된다.
·2020년 주택공시가격은 최근 5년 기간중 가장 높게 상승(5.89%)하였다. 2020년 보유세는 6.59조원의 세수증가가 추정되며, 종부세의 경우 보유세 증가분(0.47조원) 중 공시가격 상승효과는 0.38조원(80.9%)으로 추정된다.
·도로교통법 개정법률(민식이법 및 태호·유찬이법)의 시행으로 무인 교통단속용 장비와 횡단보도 신호기 설치 및 통학버스 안전교육대상자 수 증가로 1,810억원의 추가재정소요가 추계된다.
·보훈급여등(보상금, 무공영예수당, 보훈병원 진료등 13개 의무지출항목)지출은 매년 지급단가가 최근 5년간 연평균 증가율에 따라 증가하는 시나리오에 따르면 2020년 4.7조원에서 2030년 6.3조원으로 증가할 것으로 전망된다.
Ⅲ. 추계&세제 최근이슈
·CBO에 따르면 미 의회가 2020년 3~4월 코로나19 대응을 위하여 가결한 재정수반법률(4건)은 향후 10년간 2.4조 달러의 재정이 소요될 것으로 추정되었다.
·2019년 연금충당부채는 944.2조원으로 전년대비 4.3조원 증가하여 2011년 이후 연평균 74.2조원 증가한 것에 비해 낮은 증가폭을 보였는데, 이는 보험수리적 가정에 의한 부채 계상과정에서 물가상승률 등이 낮게 적용된 것에 기인한다.
·2019년·2020년 국세수입의 감소로 인해 국세감면율[국세감면 ÷ (국세수입 + 국세감면)]이 한도(최근 3년 평균+0.5%p)를 초과할 것으로 전망된다. 신설·일몰도래 항목중 연간 감면액이 300억원 이상임에도 조세지출 성과평가에서 제외된 경우가 있으며, ‘적극적 관리대상’ 중 일몰규정 없이 영구적으로 운영되고 있는 항목이 과다한 문제가 있다.
·CBO가 2년마다 발간하는 “재정적자 감축을 위한 정책대안” 중 2018년 보고서 (Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2019 to 2028)를 소개하였다. 2018년 보고서에서는 재정적자를 감축하기 위한 121개의 대안을 제시하였다.
·캐나다 PBO가 2020년 2월에 발표한 75년(2018~2093년) 장기 재정전망 보고서 (Fiscal Sustainability Report 2020)를 소개하였다.
Ⅳ. 한눈에 보는 조세지표
조세부담률·국민부담률, 주요 세목별 세율, 명목GDP 대비 세수 비중, 총 조세 대비 지방세 비중, 국세 및 지방세 감면액 및 감면율, 월별 국세 수입액 및 진도율 등 조세지표를 도표로 한눈에 볼 수 있도록 하였다.
Ⅰ. 코로나19(COVID-19) 개요 1. 코로나19 특성 및 확산 차단의 대응과제 3 2. 세계적 유행(Pandemic)에 대한 대응 6
Ⅱ. 감염병 재난 대응 체계 1. 국제법에 근거한 대응 체계 13 2. 국내외 봉쇄조치 18 3. 우리나라 대응 체계 22
Ⅲ. 주요국 현황과 대응 체계 1. 미 국 29 2. 중 국 33 3. 유 럽 36 4. 영 국 40 5. 독 일 43 6. 일 본
Ⅳ. 부문별 대응의 쟁점 및 개선과제 재정 및 공공부문의 대응 57 1. 국내외 경기부양책 57 2. 중앙은행 기준금리 인하 61 3. 산업･무역의 영향과 정책방향 65 4. 국제적 책임 공방 68 5. 국제보건협력과 의회 외교 73 6. 원격의회 사례 : 영국 76 7. 감염병 대응 남북한 보건협력 81 8. 감염병 긴급 대응을 위한 연구개발 추진 방안 85 산업부문의 대응 89 1. 중소기업 및 소상공인 지원대책 현황과 과제 89 2. 벤처･창업기업의 경영부담 완화와 기업활동 지원 강화 93 3. 중소자영업자 세제지원 97 4. 유연근무제 도입의 쟁점과 과제 100 5. 정보통신기술(ICT) 분야의 대응 현황과 과제 104 6. 민간보험상품 인적재해보상 적용 107 7. 식량위기론의 대두 111 8. 학교급식 관련 산업 피해 지원 115 9. 항공산업 지원 현황과 과제 119 10. 화훼산업 피해와 대책 및 향후 과제 121
사회부문의 대응 125 1. 초･중･고교 휴업 및 수업운영 대책 125 2. 초･중등학교 온라인 개학 및 학사운영 128 3. 대학 원격수업 및 학사운영 대책 131 4. 확진자 동선 공개와 개인정보보호 135 5. 감염병 보도 규제 138 6. 노인 등 감염취약계층 현황과 향후 과제 140 7. 마스크 및 방역물자 관리 143 8. 의료폐기물 등 폐기물 처리 현황 및 개선 146 9. 야생동물과 관련한 감염병 관리 강화 방안 149
○ 코로나19 대응에 미국의 무능력, 중국의 무책임, EU의 비효율 드러나… 투명성･개방성･민주성 가치 아래 한국이 국제협력 네트워크 주도해야
○ 경기국제평화센터를 설립하고 보건협력 기능 포괄 필요
코로나19 관련 현안보고서를 연속 발간하고 있는 경기연구원이 경제, 도민 인식, 환경 관련 주제에 이어 이번에는 외교 분야를 분석했다.
경기연구원은 <국제질서를 흔든 코로나19: 인간안보와 가치연대의 부상>을 발간하고, 코로나19로 인해 국제정치질서와 안보 패러다임의 변화가 불가피하며, 이 과정에서 한국이 국제협력에 주도적 역할을 담당할 수 있는 유리한 여건이 조성됐다는 내용을 담았다.
보고서는 코로나19로 인해 전통적인 국제 연대가 붕괴되고, 군사력과 경제력을 바탕으로 하는 경성안보(hard security)에서 연성안보(soft security)와 인간안보(human security)로 패러다임이 전환되고 있다고 밝혔다. 국제질서의 핵심변수인 국력이 군사력에서 위기대응력으로 전환하는 중이라는 것이다. 이는 코로나19 사태에서 나타난 바와 같이 전통적으로 국력 순위가 높은 나라일수록 막대한 인명피해를 경험하고 있는 결과에서도 알 수 있다.
이성우 경기연구원 연구위원은 “코로나19 이후 세계질서는 힘이 집중되는 기존 형태에서 벗어나 투명성･개방성･민주성의 가치를 공유하는, 국가 간 연대에 기초한 국제협력 네트워크 형태로 나타날 것”이라고 전망했다. 코로나19와 같은 전염병뿐 아니라 기후변화, 빈곤과 기아, 환경오염 등 인류 공동의 전 지구적 문제를 포괄하는 새로운 국제정치 질서에 대한 모색이 불가피하다는 분석이다. 안보개념의 전환에 따라 제조업 분야에서 국제분업체계의 재편과정을 거치면서 국제경제질서의 변화가 국제정치질서에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 의미다.
이런 변화에 조응한 국제안보 역시 군사안보 중심에서 벗어나 산업안보, 식량안보, 에너지안보 등 ‘포괄안보’로 인식의 전환이 이루어질 것이라는 의견이다.
한편, 지방정부, 기업, NGO, 개인 등 새로운 행위자가 국제무대에 등장하고 있는 상황에도 주목해야 한다. 각 국가의 중앙정부가 코로나19 위기에 대응하는 과정에서 책임과 의무에 한계를 드러내면서 국제정치의 행위자로서 국가의 독점적 지위가 자연스럽게 붕괴하고 새로운 행위자 집단이 출현하고 있는 것이다. 미국, 일본, EU의 지방정부가 보건협력 차원에서 한국에 직접 코로나19 진단키트를 요청하고 핀란드 민간병원이 서울의과학연구소에 코로나19 검사를 직접 의뢰한 사례는 이런 변화를 보여준다.
이와 같은 국제질서 패러다임의 변화는 코로나19 방역 경험을 바탕으로 경기도가 국제 네트워크를 주도할 기회이기도 하다. 이성우 경기연구원 연구위원은 “경기도가 해외공적개발 원조를 위해 추진하고 있는 경기국제평화센터를 설립하고 그 기능을 보건협력까지 확대하자”고 제안했다. 경기도가 개발원조의 중심역할을 수행하고, 개발도상국 미래지도자 교육 훈련 프로그램을 보건･방제･의료 분야에 집중하자는 것이다.
이 연구위원은 또한 코로나19 이후에도 계속되는 다양한 보건위협에 대비하는 백신과 진단시약을 개발하는 국제 의료협력 클러스트도 제안했다. 바이오 신약개발, 생명과학기업 등이 소재한 광교 테크노밸리에 축적된 경험과 경기도가 갖고 있는 법･제도적 지원 체계를 활용하자는 의견이다.
전통적인 제조업도 국제분업체계 재편에 따라 리쇼어링이 대안으로 논의되고 있다. 경기도는 제조업의 강점을 활용하여 첨단제조업의 중심지로 미래성장동력을 주도하기 위해서 리쇼어링 참여 기업 유치를 위한 기술지원, 기금지원, 인력훈련지원 등의 종합지원체계를 구축할 것을 제안했다.
Ⅰ. 정치의회 • 1 1. 국회 분야 3 01. 의원윤리심사기구 상설화 ·························································································3 02. 국회 안건신속처리제 ································································································6 03. 국회 인사청문제도·········· ·························································································9 04. 예산결산특별위원회 상임위 전환 문제 ··································································12 05. 예산안 및 세입부수법안 본회의 자동부의제도 ······················································15 06. 국회의 행정입법 통제 ···························································································18 07. 법제사법위원회 체계자구심사 ················································································21 08. 국정조사 위증 증인에 대한 고발 절차 ·································································24 09. 국회 정보공개제도············································································· ····················28 10. 국회 입법예고제도············································································· ····················32 2. 선거 분야 35 01. 선거운동 확성기 소음규제 ·····················································································35 02. 선거운동 기간 제한 ·······························································································39 03. 국회의원 선거구 획정 ···························································································42 04. 국회의원 선거제도 ·································································································45 05. 선거사무원 수당 ····································································································49 06. 재･보궐 선거비용 ··································································································52 07. 재외국민 투표권 ····································································································55 08. 후원회 지정권자 자격 기준 ···················································································58 09. 선거여론조사 공표기간 ··························································································61 10. 선거운동 규제 ·······································································································64 11. 투표참여 취약계층 투표편의 지원 ·········································································67
3. 정당 분야 71 01. 지구당 부활 등 지역의 정당활동 ··········································································71 02. 지역정당 설립 허용 등 정당 설립 요건 완화 ·······················································74 03. 정당 정책연구소 기능 강화 ···················································································77 04. 여성･청년의 정치대표성 ························································································80 05. 민주시민교육 활성화 ·····························································································83 06. 정당 국고보조금 배분 기준 ···
Ⅱ. 법제사법 • 89 1. 공법 분야 91 01. 헌법개정 ················································································································91 02. 헌법개정절차법 제정 ···························································································97 03. 차별금지법 제정 ····································································································99 04. 대법원 상고심제도 ·······························································································102 05. 대법원의 이원적 구성 방안 ···············································································105 06. 전문법원(노동법원･해사법원 등) 설치 ·································································108 07. 사법행정제도 ·······································································································111 08.. 군사법제도···· ·····································································································114 09. 경력법관제도 ·······································································································117 10. 헌법재판관 궐원 방지 ·························································································122 11. 헌법재판 변형결정 효력규정 ···············································································125 12. 법원의 재판에 대한 헌법소원 도입 ····································································128 13. 행정기본법 제정 ··································································································131 14. 변호사시험 ···········································································································134 15. 감사원 성과감사 ··································································································137 16. 행정심판 처분청 불복 제도 ·················································································139 17. 행정심판 청구서 각하 제도 ·················································································141 18. 행정심판위원 정수 ·····························································································143 19. 법학전문대학원 실무교육 ····················································································145 20. 대안적 법학전문대학원 ························································································148 21. 「행정절차법」상 청문 제도··················································································151 22. 피후견인 결격조항 문제 ······················································································154 23. 피후견인에 대한 선거권 부여 및 정당한 편의제공 ············································158 2. 사법 분야 161 01. 의료기관 등의 출생통지 제도 ···········································································161 02. 기업구조조정 관련 제도 ······················································································164 03. 주주총회 의결권 행사 관련 제도 ··································································167
04. 감사위원회 제도 ··································································································170 05. 보험계약자의 수동적 응답의무 ············································································172 06. 복합운송 관련 규정 ···························································································175 07. 상장회사의 특례조항 ·························································································178 08. 주주총회 정족수 제도 ·······················································································180 09. 사외이사 의무선임 제도 ······················································································182 10. 등기의 공신력 인정 방안 ····················································································185 3. 형사법 분야 188 01. 형사미성년자 연령 조정 ······················································································188 02. 검･경 수사권 조정 ····························································································192 03. 사실적시 명예훼손죄 ·························································································194 04. 수사과정 피의자 보호제도 ·················································································197 05. 재심제도··············································································································200 06. 혐오표현에 대한 형사처벌 ··················································································203 07. 피의사실공표죄 ································································································206 08. 강간죄 최협의 폭행설 ·························································································210 09. 그루밍성범죄 ·······································································································214 10. 성범죄 피해자의 2차 피해 방지 ·········································································216 4. 소송제도 분야 220 01. 공정거래･특허 사건에 대한 행정소송 심급구조 ··················································220 02. 의무이행소송 제도 ·······························································································223 03. 증거개시제도 ·····································································································226 04. 행정형 조정절차에 있어 조정성립의 효력 문제 ··················································229
Ⅲ. 외교안보 • 233 1. 외교 분야 235 01. 신북방정책 ···········································································································235 02. 신남방정책 ·········································································································238 03. 조약체결절차 ·······································································································241 04. 자율무기체계 협상 ·······························································································245 05. 한･미 SOFA 개정 ······························································································249 06. 한-EU FTA와 ILO 핵심 협약 비준 ··································································252 07. 해외정책연구소 지원사업 ··················································································255 08. 영사협력원제도 ····································································································258 09. 재외공관 행정직원 제도 ······················································································261 10. 해외여행경보제도 ·······························································································264 11. 국내거주 고려인동포 지원사업 ··········································································267 12. 재외동포 및 외국인 대상 한국어교육사업 ··························································270 13. 한국 국제개발협력의 투명성 ·············································································273 14. 국제개발협력 추진체계와 관련 법제 ···································································276 15. 방위비분담금 제도 관련 국회의 역할 ·································································279 16. 미국의 인도-태평양(Indo-Pacific) 전략 ··························································282 17. 2020년 미국 대통령 선거 ··················································································284 18. 미･중관계 ············································································································287 19. 한･중 관계 ··········································································································290 20. 한일대륙붕공동개발 ·····························································································293 21. 일제강점기 강제동원피해자문제 ········································································296 22. 일본군위안부피해자 문제 ····················································································299 23. 한･일 과거사 유네스코 유산 등재를 위한 지원 ·················································302 24. 「한일군사비밀정보보호협정(GSOMIA)」 ····························································305 25. 러시아 개헌 ·········································································································308 26. 러시아의 극동지역 개발정책 ···············································································312 27. 유럽연합(EU)의 대 아시아 정책 ·········································································315
28. 브렉시트(Brexit) 관련 향후 과제 ·······································································319 29. 코로나19 확산에 따른 관세･통상 정책 ······························································323 30. 디지털 무역 규범 협상 ·······················································································328 2. 통일･남북관계 분야 332 01. 통일 국민 협약 ···································································································332 02. 통일 경제 특구 ···································································································335 03. 남북공동체 ···········································································································338 04. 한반도 신경제지도 구상 ······················································································341 05. 남북 철도 및 도로 협력 ·····················································································343 06. 북한 이탈주민 ·····································································································346 07. 남북이산가족 상봉 ·······························································································349 08. 남북협력기금 ·······································································································352 09. 통일부의 북한 개별관광 추진 경과 ····································································355 10. 북한 인권 ············································································································358 11. 제7기 제5차 전원회의 이후 북한의 대외정책 변화 ···········································361 12. 북미 비핵화 협상 ································································································364 13. 북한 통치관료 변화와 대내외 정책 변화 ··························································367 14. 북한의 감염병(코로나19) 예방 체계 ···································································370 15. 북한의 단거리 미사일 시험 발사 ········································································373 16. 2020년 북한 경제 전망 ·····················································································376 3. 국방 분야 379 01. 한미동맹과 전시작전통제권 전환 ········································································379 02. 군부대 해체 주변지역 지원 ·················································································382 03. 탄약저장시설의 현대화 ························································································384 04. 한국형 군사위성 개발 ·························································································387 05. 사이버작전 능력 강화 ·························································································389 06. 군비통제 기본정책 ·······························································································392 07. 주한미군기지 반환 및 환경오염 정화 ·······························································395 08. 국방벤처 지원 사업 ·····························································································398 09. 방산수출지원을 위한 무관 및 방산주재관의 역할 ··············································401
10. 핵심부품국산화 개발지원 사업 ············································································404 11. 방산수출지원 체계 ·····························································································407 12. 방위산업육성기본계획 ························································································410 13. 병역자원의 안정적 확보 ······················································································412 14. 전문연구･산업기능요원의 병역지정업체 관련 조건 ·············································415 15. 전문연구요원 복무관리 기준 ···············································································418
Ⅳ. 행정안전 • 421 1. 행정일반 분야 423 01. 공무원 정년 ·········································································································423 02. 관리자급 여성공무원 할당제도 ············································································427 03. 공무원 휴가제도········ ··························································································429 04. 퇴직공직자 취업제한제도····················································································431 05. 공직자 재산등록제도····· ······················································································434 06. 개인정보 보호책임자 처벌규정 ··········································································437 07. 개인영상정보 처리의 법적 개선 ··········································································439 08. 공공데이터 이용 활성화 ······················································································442 09. 전자정부추진위원회의 법적 근거 ······································································445 10. 정보공개제도 ·······································································································448 11. 공휴일 제도···································· ·····································································450 12. 공중화장실 안전관리 ···························································································453 13. 행정사 제도 ·········································································································456 14. 행정조사 제도·····································································································459 15. 현충시설의 지정 및 관리체계 ···········································································462 16. 의무 또는 단기복무 제대군인에 대한 취업지원 ··················································466 17. 보훈단체 수익사업 ·······························································································469 18. 국가보훈대상자 고령화에 따른 의료지원 제도····················································473 19. 국립묘지 운영 및 관리 체계 ·············································································477 2. 지방행정 분야 480 01. 지방자치단체의 특례시 지정제도·· ······································································480 02. 인구감소지역 지원방안 ························································································483 03. 주민자치회제도 ··································································································486 04. 선출직 지방공직자 주민소환제도 ······································································489 05. 지방의회 인사권 ··································································································492 06. 지방의회 인사청문회 제도··················································································494 07. 지방세 납세자 보호관 제도····· ············································································497 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY RESEARCH SERVICE 제21대국회 주요 입법･정책 현안Ⅰ
08. 자동차세 ··············································································································500 09. 지역자원시설세 ····································································································503 10. 고향사랑기부제 ····································································································506 11. 재정분권 이후 재정형평화 ··················································································509 12. 지방교부세 ···········································································································513 13. 지방소멸에 대응하는 지방재정 ············································································516 03. 안전 분야 519 01. 자치경찰제도···· ···································································································519 02. 국가수사본부 설치 ·······························································································522 03. 정보경찰의 활동범위 ·························································································525 04. 도로 외의 구역 보행자 보호 ·············································································528 05. 고령운전자에 대한 인지검사 ·············································································531 06. 총기소지허가자 관리 ···························································································533 07. 개인형 이동수단의 입법화 ··················································································537 08. 자전거 우선도로의 통행방법 ···········································································540 09. 난폭운전 관련 쟁점 ·····························································································543 10. 집회･시위소음 규제 ···························································································545 11. 중앙재난안전대책본부장의 지휘체계 ··································································548 12. 포항지진 진상조사 및 피해자 지원 ····································································550 13. 간이스프링클러 설치사업 ····················································································553 14. 민방위 대피시설 ··································································································555 15. 재난취약계층에 대한 안전관리체계 ·····································································558 16. 소방시설공사 분리발주 ························································································561 17. 119 비응급 서비스 이용에 대한 비용부과 방안 ··············································564 집필자 명단 566
· 최근 글로벌 시장에서 신약의 특성은 중증 질환 치료제 증가, 고가화, 의사 결정에 필요한 근거의 불확실성 등으로 요약됨. 2007~2018년 국내에서 허가된 신약 570개를 분석한 결과, 이러한 경향이 동일하게 관찰되었음. · 신약에서 항암제가 차지하는 비율이 상승하고 근거의 불확실성이 커지면서 항암제 급여에서 위험분담제가 일반화되고 있음. 신약이 시장에서 채택되는 속도가 점점 빨라지고 약품비 지출에 미치는 영향도 커지고 있음. · 향후 신약의 불확실성을 관리하면서 혁신적 신약에 대한 접근성을 보장하고 재정의 지속성을 확보할 수 있는 정책이 요구됨.
TheOECD Economic Outlookis the OECD's twice-yearly analysis of the major economic trends and prospects for the next two years. The Outlook puts forward a consistent set of projections for output, employment, prices, fiscal and current account balances.
Coverage is provided for all OECD member countries as well as for selected non-member countries. This issue includes a general assessment of the macroeconomic situation, a series of notes on the macroeconomic and structural policy issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak and a chapter summarising developments and providing projections for each individual country.
○ 2019년 3월 26일 「액화석유가스의 안전관리 및 사업법」제28조가 폐지되어 일반인들도 LPG 차량을 자유롭게 구매·소유할 수 있게 됨 - LPG 차량은 타 화석연료 차량에 비해 발생시키는 초미세먼지가 적어 미세먼지 저감 정책의 일환으로 LPG 차량 소유를 장려하기 위한 규제완화 조치임 · 리터당 PM2.5 초미세먼지 발생 환경비용 (연료별 차량): 휘발유 –64원, 경유 -19,148원, LPG -0원 - <표 1>에서 제시된 바와 같이 과거 LPG 차량 소유는 부탄의 안정적인 공급과 안전관리를 위하여 특정인을 대상으로 소유와 사용을 규제하였으나, 시간이 지남에 따라 그 사용 범위를 점점 확대시켜 왔음
■ LPG 차량 규제완화 효과 실효성 ○ LPG 차량에 대한 주행세 부과를 논하기 이전에 LPG 차량 소유에 대한 규제완화가 LPG 차량 판매로 이어졌는지에 대한 사실 판단이 필요함 ○ 자동차 등록대수 및 신차대수에 대한 통계분석에서 규제완화 이후 LPG 차량의 등록대수가 0.3%가 증가하였으며, LPG 신차대수 기준으로 30%로 증가하였다고 나타남 - 본 분석(<표 4> 참조)은 2015년 1월~2019년 9월까지 월별 데이터를 이용한 회귀분석의 결과로 도출된 것임 - 규제 완화 이후 효과를 측정할 수 있는 데이터 기간이 짧은 한계가 있으나, 단기적으로 LPG 차량 증가가 통계적으로 유의미한 효과를 가지고 있음
■ LPG 차량 주행세 부과에 대한 장기적 전망 ○ LPG 차량의 경제성으로 인해 LPG 차량 점유율이 지속적으로 증가할 수 있으나, 향후 자동차 시장에서 일어나는 시장 변화를 모니터링하여 정책적 판단을 하는 것이 요구됨 ○ LPG 에너지 사용이 점차 감소하는 추세에 있으므로, 향후 감소 추세가 유지된다면 LPG 차량에 대한 주행세 부과가 <표 5>에 나타난 세수를 하회할 가능성도 존재함 - 장기적으로 보면 수송 에너지별 소비량 추이를 보면, 2010년 이후 휘발유 평균 소비량은 1.58% 상승, 경유 3.11% 상승, 전기 3.88% 상승, 신재생 8.47% 상승이나 LPG만이 4.43% 감소하고 있음 ○ 새롭게 부흥하고 있는 전기차 및 친환경에너지 자동차 시장의 변화도 LPG 차량 보유에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되며, 향후 LPG 차량 충전소 확산 여부도 눈여겨보아야 할 부분이라고 사료됨
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