[Press Release] Bioenergy a risk to equitable clean energy transition
Bioenergy a risk to equitable clean energy transition
- Bioenergy production is linked to deforestation, air pollution, land grabbing, and human rights violations ;
- Industrial-scale bioenergy increases greenhouse gas emissions, harms biodiversity, and reverses the original intent of renewable energy policies.
- risks in bioenergy supply chain must be considered in the renewable energy policy reform
[caption id="attachment_212864" align="aligncenter" width="640"]
(c) Conservation North[/caption]
Solutions for Our Climate, Korea Federation of Environmental Movements and Advocates for Public Interest Law held an online seminar on "Understanding Bioenergy Trade and Supply Chain Risk in Asia" on the 24th to shed light on environmental and social problems arising from the production and consumption of bioenergy feedstock. Members from the civil society based in Indonesia, Vietnam, the United States, and Europe attended the event to share their experiences and implications of each country.
Biomass and palm oil-based biofuels production is expanding, supported by governments around the world who are keen to promote renewable energy. However, bioenergy has a negative impact on climate, ecosystem, and local livelihood. Above all, industrial-scale bioenergy counters the main purpose of the renewable energy policy by increasing greenhouse gas and air pollution and threatening the ecosystem biodiversity.
The EU's renewable energy policy is also deeply dependent on bioenergy. Biomass, which accounts for up to 37% of the EU's renewable energy causes deforestation in Europe and North America. In 2016–2018, deforestation across Europe increased by 49% and biomass losses increased by 60%. In particular, imports of wood pellets from the U.S. and Canada are increasing, and they are sourced from ecologically significant forests with endangered species habitats.
"The only way to stop the massive climate, environmental and social damage caused by bioenergy is to exclude them from renewable energy and other 'green' policies," said Almuth Ernsting, a researcher at Biofuel Watch, who presented the European case.
Korea is also seeing a surge in bioenergy use with various institutional support. From 2014 to 2017, Bioenergy ranked first in the amount of renewable energy supply certificates (REC) among renewable energy support, and it still ranked second in 2018-19. In particular, biomass development has grown more than 61 times over the past six years. Meanwhile, palm oil-based bio-heavy oil production nearly tripled between 2014 and 2019.
"Though it is desirable to phase out fossil fuel and expand renewable energy to achieve the 2050 Net-zero target, shifting that volume to bioenergy is problematic. Burning biomass in large-scale power plants has no advantage in climate and environment even if biomass residues are used," said Kim Soojin, a senior researcher at Solutions for Our Climate. “In addition, the carbon footprint of imported palm oil-based fuels such as biodiesel and bio-heavy oil is even larger, but the government continues to give RECs to encourage the use of biofuels."
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(c) PUSAKA[/caption]
Korea's bioenergy highly depends on imported feedstock. More than 90% of wood pellets are imported from Vietnam and more than 60% of palm Kernel Shell(PKS) bio-SRF and palm based biofuels are from Malaysia and Indonesia. Palm oil, the main raw material for biofuels, has long been criticized by civil society at home and abroad due to its massive environmental damage and human rights violations in the production process.
"To meet other countries' renewable energy target, Indonesia's rainforest is being destroyed, endangered plants and animals are disappearing," said Kurniawan Sabah, director of Indonesia's civic group Indies. "Korea and other palm oil importers should consider how it affects the environment and communities of the country of origin in the process of producing renewable energy materials and reflect them in their renewable energy policies."
"The Korean government should stop providing public financial support to companies involved in forest destruction and human rights violations in the process of bioenergy production," said Shin Young Chung, a lawyer at the Advocates for Public Interest Law, who has been raising issues in palm oil industry for years. “It is also necessary to establish a system to monitor supply chains to prevent imports of palm oil produced by environmental damage and human rights violations while increasing the rate of biodiesel mixed obligations."
The organizers of this event (Solutions for Our Climate, Korea Federation of Environmental Movements, and Advocates for Public Interest Law), issued a civil society statement on bioenergy that included demands for policy reform to consider risks of bioenergy supply chain in Korea. The full text of the statement can be found below.
❈You can download the presentation materials here
Korean NGOs Statement on Bioenergy
As civil society members, we are participating in the meeting on “Understanding Bioenergy Trade and Supply Chain Risks” by delivering our key messages on biomass energy and palm oil-based biofuels.
Globally, bioenergy production and consumption are on the sharp rise due to renewable energy policy support. Governments around the world are incentivizing biomass-to-power and palm oil-based biofuels to meet their renewable energy and fuel targets.
However, bioenergy developments have been criticized due to sustainability concerns on the environment, climate and local people. The increase in production and consumption of bioenergy pushes the demand for feedstock imports and exports. Bioenergy production is linked to deforestation, local air pollution, land grabbing, and human rights abuse. Industrial scale bioenergy reverses the original goal of renewable energy policy by increasing greenhouse gas emissions and threatening our ecosystem biodiversity.
Despite the sustainability risks of its supply chain, bioenergy is still regarded as green energy because of its ability to replace oil and coal in existing facilities. Carbon neutrality of bioenergy is a myth and replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy often does not help our societies to decarbonize.
Together, we demand:
- ✔︎For forest-centered bioenergy: Governments and corporations to end deforestation for production of bioenergy and to protect biodiversity.
- ✔︎For people-centered bioenergy: Governments and corporations to end exploitative and abusive practices in the biomass and biofuels supply chain, and to respect the rights of local communities, peasants, women, indigenous peoples and smallholders.
- ✔︎For climate-centered bioenergy: Governments to end financial supports for industrial scale biomass and biofuels to tackle climate crisis.
- ✔︎For sustainability-centered bioenergy: Governments to revoke the unjust policies for unsustainable bioenergy and to strengthen sustainability requirements for biomass and biofuels and enforce the adoption of international norms for bioenergy investment.
- ✔︎For governance-centered bioenergy: Governments to stop relying on bioenergy to meet their carbon neutrality goals, and to actively engage civil society organizations throughout energy transition planning processes.
2021.2.24
Solutions for Our Climate, Korea Federation of Environmental Movements, Advocates for Public Interest Law
집하되는 참치 ⓒHilary Hosia[/caption]
미국은 어업 보전 및 관리에 관한 법(Section 403(a))에 근거해 2년마다 의회에 어업 현황 보고서를 제출하고 있습니다. ⓒNOAA[/caption]
참다랑어는 고가에 팔리지만 코알라, 북극곰, 반달가슴곰과 같은 취약등급 멸종위기종입니다.[/caption]
피흘리며 포획되는 멸종위기종 미흑점상어 ⓒ함께사는길 이성수[/caption]
공익 광고 전문가 이제석 씨가 낚시에 걸려 피 흘리는 미흑점상어를 연출하고 있다. ⓒ함께사는길 이성수[/caption]
멸종위기종 미흑점상어 포획에 대한 공식 책입 입장을 요구하는 환경운동연합 ⓒ함께사는길 이성수[/caption]
공익광고 전문가 이제석 씨가 미흑점상어를 연출하는 장면을 취재진이 촬영하고 있다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
공익 광고 전문가 이제석 씨가 기획한 낚싯대에 걸린 미흑점상어 ⓒ공익광고 전문가 이제석[/caption]
사체를 수장하는 티엔우8호 ⓒ공익법센터 어필[/caption]
건조되고 있는 상어 지느러미 ⓒ공익법센터 어필[/caption]
백상아리의 지느러미를 자르려는 선원 ⓒ공익법센터 어필[/caption]
범고래붙이로 추정되는 고래류의 포획 ⓒ공익법센터 어필[/caption]
선박에 가득 쌓인 상어지느러미 ⓒ공익법센터 어필[/caption]
청상아리 ⓒ공익법센터 어필[/caption]
그물이 고래의 몸을 칭칭 감고있다. ⓒDomenic Biagini[/caption]
그물이 걸려 괴로워하고 있는 고래 ⓒDomenic Biagini[/caption]
식용으로 사용하기 위해 포획한 밍크고래 ⓒ해사신문[/caption]
생태관광이라고 얘기하며 돌고래를 쫓는 요트업체. 누리꾼의 원성이 높아 댓글 쓰기 기능이 활성돼있지 않다.[/caption]
숨을 쉬기위해 수면위로 나온 상괭이. 상괭이가 숨을 뿜어내는 소리를 들을 수 있다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
위판장에 정박한 근해안강망 어선ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
안강망 어선으로 잡는 어획물이 위판장에 놓여있다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
어업 준비를 위해 정비를 기다리는 안강망 어구 ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
몸에 그물이 걸려 몸부림 치고있는 혹등고래 ⓒDomenic Biagini[/caption]
International Whaling Commission[/caption]
제주 생태관광선박이 쫓고 있는 남방큰돌고래. 미국은 선박이 돌고래에 50m 이내 접근 하는 것을 금지하고 있다.[/caption]
공익법센터어필, 시민환경연구소, 환경운동연합, 환경정의재단, 선원이주노동자인권네트워크 관례자들이 한국 어선에서 발생하는 인권침해와 불법어업 고발 기자간담회를 진행하고 있다. ⓒ공익법센터어필[/caption]
캘리포니아 대학 산타바바라(UCSB) 연구팀이 조사한 원양어선 조업시간, 항해시간, 항해거리 연구 결과 ⓒnvironmental Market Solutions Lab (emLab)[/caption]
열악한 이주어선원 노동자의 숙소 ⓒ경주이주노동자센터[/caption]
좁은 숙소에 11명이 살아가는 이주어선원 노동자들, 선주가 제공하는 식사는 쌀과 달걀 뿐이다. ⓒ경주이주노동자센터[/caption]
원양어선에서 포획된 범고래붙이 ⓒ공익법센터어필[/caption]
코알라에이드 담요[/caption]
그린블리스의 고래 티셔츠[/caption]
동물학대 시설 거제씨월드 폐쇄 기자회견ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
벨루가의 지친 눈동자ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
누구의 기준으로 깨끗하다고 주장하는지 모를 수조의 바닥. 거제씨월드는 깨끗하게 수조를 관리하고 있다고 주장한다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
좁고 열악한 거제씨월드, 고래들이 힘차게 꼬리 한 번 움직일 수 없다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
거제씨월드 바로 옆은 바다다. 바람에 찰랑이는 파도 소리가 선명히 들린다. 바로 앞이 자유지만 나갈 수 없다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
ⓒBeltrán Rodríguez[/caption]
ⓒBeltrán Rodríguez[/caption]
ⓒBeltrán Rodríguez[/caption]
얇고 촘촘한 자망 그물, 노련한 다이버도 바다에서 자망 그물에 걸리면 빠져나오기 힘들다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
서해에서 사용되는 안강망, 매년 약 천마리의 상괭이가 혼획, 좌초되어 죽고있다. 약 60%의 원인이 안강망이다. ⓒ환경운동연합[/caption]
시민들의 의견
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