SUMMARY 

A widening gap between rhetoric and action 

Transformative energy developments 

Planning for the long term

Global socio-economic impact 

Regional socio-economic impact 

Towards the transformative decarbonisation of societies 

THE ROADMAP TO 2050

1.1 Drivers for the energy transformation 

1.2 A widening gap between reality and what is needed

1.3 An ambitious and yet achievable climate-resilient transformative pathway to 2050: What does the transformation entail?

1.4 Outlook for 2030 and NDC formulation

1.5 Investment must be redirected

GLOBAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT 

2.1 Jobs and skills

2.2 Gross domestic product

2.3 Welfare 

2.4 Conclusion 

REGIONAL ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: TECHNO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT

3.1 Context and characteristics 

3.2 Priorities and drivers

3.3 IRENA’s transformative pathway to 2050

3.4 Key actions 

REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

4.1 Background 

4.2 Socio-economic indicators of the energy transition: Jobs 

4.3 Socio-economic indicators of the energy transition: GDP

4.4 Policy conclusions 

GETTING TO ZERO

5.1 Getting to zero: technology options and costs 

5.2 Eliminating the remaining emissions including in challenging sectors such as industry and transport

5.3 Very high shares of renewable power 

5.4 The role of hydrogen 

5.5 Challenging sectors: Transport 

5.6 Challenging sectors: Industry

5.7 Challenging sectors: Natural gas infrastructure

TOWARDS THE TRANSFORMATIVE DECARBONISATION OF SOCIETIES 

6.1 A transformative transition

6.2 Overcoming challenges

6.3 Policy interventions for a decarbonised society

6.4 Foundations for success: Resources, institutions and international co-operation