< 차 례 >

연구요약 ··········································································································································1

I. 연구 개요 ····································································································································25
1. 연구 개요 ···································································································································25
1) 연구 범위 ···································································································································25
2) 용역 기간 ·································································································································25
2. 연구 배경 ···································································································································26
3. 연구 내용 ···································································································································27

II. 오산시 재정환경 전망 분석 ···································································································28
1. 대내외 경제환경 ·····················································································································28
1) 세계 경제전망 ···························································································································28
2) 국내 경제 상황 ·························································································································31
2. 중앙정부 재정운용방향 ···········································································································33
1) 2020년 중앙정부 정책기조 ·····································································································33
(1) 중앙정부 2020년도 예산 편성 기조 ····················································································33
(3) 2020년 중앙정부 분야별 투자방향 ····················································································50
(4) 분야별 재원 배분 ····················································································································51
2) 지방자치관련 국가정책방향 검토 ·························································································52
(1) 지방자치법 전부개정 ··············································································································52
(2) 재정분권 관련 중장기 지방재정 정책 변화 ····································································53
(3) 재정 집행 강화 및 잉여금 축소 ··························································································54
3) 오산시 재정운용전략에 대한 시사점 ···················································································57
3. 경기도 재정운용방향 ···············································································································58
1) 경기도 민선7기 시정방향 ·······································································································58
(1) 5대 목표 16대 전략 ················································································································58
(2) 경기도 민선7기 공약 실천과제 및 예산 ············································································59
2) 경기도 2020년 예산 편성 방향 ·····························································································60

(1) 경기도 2020년 예산 개요 ······································································································60
(2) 경기도 2020년 예산 특징 ······································································································61
4. 오산시 경제 환경 및 재정운용 전망 ···················································································63
1) 오산시 행정 여건 ·····················································································································63
(1) 기본 현황 ··································································································································63
(2) 주요 시정 지표 ························································································································64
(1) 오산시 재정운용 기본방향 ····································································································73
(2) 주요 분야별 예산 편성 방향 ································································································75
(3) 재원 배분 방향 ························································································································76
3) 세입 여건 전망 ·························································································································77
(1) 세입여건 ····································································································································77
(2) 세입실적 및 세수전망 ············································································································78
(3) 연도별 지방세 부담액 ············································································································78
(4) 2013~2017년 지방세 징수실적 ······························································································79
4) 세출 여건 전망 ·························································································································80
5) 분야별 정책방향 및 투자계획 ·······························································································82

III. 오산시 재정운용 성과진단 ····································································································93
1. 오산시 세입 현황 분석 ···········································································································93
1) 결산상 세입규모 ·······················································································································93
2) 오산시 재정자립도 및 재정자주도 현황 ·············································································96
3) 재원별 세입현황 ·······················································································································99
(1) 재원별 세입 결산 규모 및 비중 추이 ················································································99
(2) 오산시 세목별 수입액 ········································································································100
4) 세입 체납액 현황 분석 ·········································································································102
(1) 타 지자체 대비 오산시 체납액 현황 ··············································································102
(2) 체납 누계액 및 징수 현황 ································································································106
(3) 지방세 체납액 현황 ··············································································································108
(4) 세외수입 체납액 현황 ··········································································································110
(5) 2019년 오산시 세외수입 운영실적 분석·진단 ······························································113
(6) 2018년 오산시 세외수입 운영실적 분석·진단 ······························································116
(7) 세외수입 확충 방안 ··············································································································119

2. 오산시 세출 현황 분석 ·········································································································122
1) 오산시 세출 결산 현황 ·······································································································122
(1) 2018년 오산시 세출결산 규모 ····························································································122
(2) 최근 5년 간 오산시 세출 규모 추이 ················································································123
2) 오산시 일반회계 세출 분야별 분석 ···················································································124
(1) 일반회계 분야별 세출 규모 및 비중 추이 ······································································124
(2) 분야별 세출 예산 편성 적정성 진단 및 조정 방향 ······················································126
(3) 2019년 세출 예산 중 자체예산 비중 ················································································128
(4) 주민 1인당 세출예산액 순위 ······························································································130
3) 특별회계 세출 분석 ···············································································································131
(1) 오산시 2018년 특별회계 규모 및 비중 추이 ··································································131
4) 2018년 오산시 집행 현황 ·····································································································133
(1) 일반회계 집행 현황 ··············································································································133
(2) 특별회계 집행 현황 ··············································································································135
5) 오산시 지역통합재정통계 ·····································································································138

IV. 재정운용지표 분석 ···············································································································139
1. 지방재정분석 ···························································································································139
1) 지방재정분석 개요 ·················································································································139
2) 2019년 오산시 재정분석 결과 ·····························································································141
(1) 오산시 재정분석 결과 개괄 ································································································141
(2) 오산시 재정분석지표 분야별 결과 개요 ··········································································144
(3) 오산시 재정분석 결과 유사단체 비교 ··············································································147
(4) 6개 중요 지표 분석 ············································································································148
3) 지표 상세 분석 ·······················································································································151
(1) 재정건전성 지표 ····················································································································151
(2) 재정효율성 지표 ····················································································································158
2. 세입세출관리지표 분석 ·········································································································174
1) 세입 관리지표 분석 ···············································································································174
(1) 미수납액 분석 ························································································································174
2) 세출 관리지표 분석 ···············································································································176
(1) 오산시 잉여금 현황 ··············································································································176

(2) 오산시 이월액 현황 ··············································································································180
(3) 보조금 반납금 현황 ··············································································································186
(4) 순세계잉여금 현황 ················································································································188
(5) 잉여금 발생의 원인 및 문제점 ··························································································193
(6) 잉여금 해소 방안 ··················································································································196

V. 오산시 세입 확충 전략 ········································································································197
1. 세입 추계 현실화 ···················································································································197
1) 예산상 세입과 결산상 세입 비교 ·····················································································197
(1) 결산상 세입과 예산상 세입 현황 ······················································································197
(2) 2020~2024년 오산시 세입추계 총괄 ················································································199
2. 지방교부세 확보 ·····················································································································200
1) 지방교부세의 개요 ·················································································································200
(1) 지방교부세 개요 ····················································································································200
(2) 지방교부세의 검사 및 시정 ································································································202
(3) 지방교부세의 교부 ················································································································203
2) 보통교부세의 산정 및 교부 ·································································································204
(1) 보통교부세의 산정 ················································································································204
(2) 보통교부세의 교부 ··············································································································205
(3) 최근 3년 간 보통교부세 산정 시 변화된 주요 내용 ····················································207
3) 중앙정부 지방재정 운영 현황 ···························································································209
(1) 2020년 지방재정 운영방향 및 지방재정 운영일정 개편 ··············································209
(2) 2020년 지방교부세 산정방향 ····························································································211
4) 2021년 교부세 산정 방향 및 대응 방안 ···········································································213
(1) 교부세 산정 방향 ··················································································································213
(2) 교부세 확보를 위한 오산시의 대응 방안 ········································································217
3. 국도비 보조사업 현황 분석 및 확보 방안 ·····································································218
1) 오산시 공모 현황 ···················································································································218
2) 오산시 공모사업 대응 전략 ·································································································229
(1) 중앙정부 지방재정운용방향 정책 및 지표 관리 ····························································229
(2) 오산시 사회조사 결과를 통한 시민 수요 반영 ····························································230
(3) 고용노동부 공모사업 현황 ··································································································231

(4) 보건복지부 공모사업 현황 ··································································································234
(5) 문화체육관광부 공모사업 현황 ··························································································242
(6) 경기도 문화관광 공모사업 현황 ························································································250

VI. 오산시 세출 효율화 방안 ···································································································258
1. 이월 및 불용 관리 ·················································································································258
1) 이월 및 불용의 발생 원인 ···································································································258
2) 오산시 집행 및 이월 현황 분석 ·························································································260
3) 이월 및 불용의 문제점 ·········································································································268
4) 이월 및 불용 억제 방안 ·····································································································270
(1) 재정안정화기금 신설 ············································································································270
(2) 결산 과정 강화 ······················································································································275
(3) 계속비 이월 근절 ················································································································275
(4) 재정건전팀 신설 및 예산 조기집행 관리 ········································································275
(5) 통합재정관리시스템 구축 및 활용 ····················································································276
2. 시책일몰제 시행 ·····················································································································280
1) 시책일몰제의 필요성 ·············································································································280
2) 시책일몰제를 시행하는 타 지자체 사례 ···········································································281
3. 재정사업 평가의 내실화 ·······································································································282
4. 세출 자금 집중 관리 ···········································································································283
1) 오산시 세출 자금 집중 관리 방안 ·····················································································283
2) 타 지자체 사례 ·······················································································································283

VII. 건전재정을 위한 재정 운영 기법 및 방향 ····································································284
1. 재정분권 대응 방안 ···············································································································284
1) 지방재정 4대 추진전략 ·········································································································284
2) 재정분권 후속조치 방안 ·······································································································285
2. 건전재정팀 신설 및 운영 ···································································································286
1) 타 지방자치단체의 건전재정팀 운영 사례 ·······································································286
2) 오산시 건전재정팀 도입 및 운영 방안 ·············································································287
3. 기금 및 특별회계 여유재원의 연기금투자풀 위탁 운용 ···············································288
1) 오산시 기금 운용 현황 ·········································································································288

2) 중앙정부의 기금 운용 현황 ·······························································································290
3) 중앙정부 연기금투자풀 위탁 현황 ···················································································291
3) 오산시 여유재원 운용 개선 방안 ·······················································································292
4. 주민참여예산사업 효과성 확대를 위한 현황 분석 방안 ···············································294
1) 사업 분석 및 효과성 평가 시급 ·······················································································294
2) 타 지자체 사례 ·······················································································································295

VIII. 결론 ·······································································································································301
1. 결론 ···········································································································································301
2. 성과 및 한계 ···························································································································301

- 문의 : 02-336-0619/ 연구용역 보고서 열람은 오산시로 문의 부탁드립니다.
- 메일 : [email protected]

- 문의 : 02-336-0619/ 연구용역 보고서 열람은 국회 사무처로 문의 부탁드립니다.
- 메일 : [email protected]

■ 과업명
농정 틀 전환을 위한 사회협약 기초계획 수립 용역

■ 발주처
농어촌·농어업 특별위원회

■ 과업기간
2020. 6. 17.~ 8. 7.

■ 과업목적
사회적 대화 및 주요 이해관계자 참여를 기반으로 한 ‘농정 틀 전환 사회협약’이 체결되도록 사회협약 필요성, 주요의제 및 추진방안을 제안하는 기초계획 수립

■ 목차

I. 과업 개요

1. 과업 배경 및 목적
1-1. 배 경
1-2. 목 적

2. 과업 내용
2-1. 시간적 범위
2-2. 내용적 범위

3. 과업 추진 체계

II. 선행연구검토

1. 사회협약의 개념
1-1. 사회협약의 유래
1-2. 사회협약의 정의
1-3. 사회협약의 의의
1-4. 사회협약 체결조건

2. 사회협약의 최근 추세
2-1. 사회협약의 변화
2-2. 사회협약의 역할

3. 국내사례
3-1. 투명사회협약
3-2. 저출산·고령화문제 해결을 위한 사회협약
3-3. 제주특별자치도 사회협약위원회

4. 국외사례
4-1. 아일랜드 사회연대협약(Social Partnership Agreement)
4-2. 스웨덴 살트셰바덴 협약(Saltsjöbaden Agreement
4-3. 오스트리아 사회적파트너십(사회적동반협력제도, Social partnership)

III. 농정 틀 전환을 위한 사회협약 필요성

1. 기존 사례 시사점
1-1. 사회협약 효과
1-2. 협약 의제 선정의 중요성
1-3. 제도 및 주체 등 사회협약 주요 기반 구축 필요
1-4. 사례별 평가 및 개선방안

2. 사회협약 추진 필요성
2-1. 농정 틀 전환 필요
2-2. 코로나19 팬데믹
2-3. 사회문제 해결방안으로서 사회협약
2-4. 사회협약 성립 조건 확보 및 사회협약 체결 적기
2-5. 농어업·농어촌특별위원회 출범

IV. 농정 틀 전환을 위한 사회협약 이해관계자 참여방안 ··
1. 이해관계자 정의

2. 주요 시민사회단체 관계자 인터뷰
2-1. 인터뷰 개요
2-2. 인터뷰 방법
2-3. 인터뷰 결과

V. 농정 틀 전환을 위한 사회협약 추진 방안

1. 사회적 대화기구 구성
1-1. 필요성
1-2. 정의
1-3. 역할(의무)
1-4. 구성방안
1-5. 의사결정

2. 주요 의제 제언 및 정리
2-1. 사회협약 주요의제 관련 제언
2-2. 주요 의제 관련 정책 등
3. 추진단계(안)
3-1. 사회협약 추진 프로세스
3-2. 추진단계별 활동방안
3-3. 사회협약 이행 시 고려사항

참고문헌

■ 연구진

정창기 대안연구센터 센터장
박지호 기획팀 연구원
이이자희 기획팀 연구원
김세진 기획팀 연구원

■ 펴낸 날
2020. 08.

■ 과업명
성남형 주민자치회 모델 개발 연구

■ 발주처
성남시청

■ 과업기간
2020. 6. ~ 12.

■ 과업목적
– 국내 주민자치회 시범운영 사례 분석을 통해 합리적이고 내실 있는 주민자치회 전환 대비
– 성남시의 지역적 · 문화적인 특성에 적합한 성남형 주민자치회 모델 개발
– 성남시 주민자치회 활성화를 위한 중⋅장기적 비전체계 수립

■ 목차
제1장 연구 개요
제1절 연구의 배경 및
1. 연구의 배경
2. 연구의 목적

제2절 연구의 범위
1. 공간적 범위
2. 시간적 범위
3. 내용적 범위

제3절 연구 방법
1. 연구 모델
2. 주요 연구 내용
3. 자료수집방법 및 현황

제2장 국내 주민자치회 현황
제1절 법, 조례 현황
1. 법령
2. 조례

제2절 주민자치회 시범실시 현황 및 유형
1. 시범실시 경과
2. 지역별 운영 현황

제3절 주요 사례
1. 광역지방자치단체
2. 기초자치단체

제3장 성남시 주민자치 현황
제1절 성남시 일반 현황
1. 지리 및 주거
2. 인구 구성
3. 산업 및 경제
4. 교육 및 문화

제2절 성남시 주민자치 현황
1. 주민자치 기본 현황
2. 주민자치 관련 조직 현황
3. 주민자치위원회 현황
4. 주민자치센터 현황
5. 질적자료 분석에 따른 특성

제3절 유형별 분류
1. 원도심 지역
2. 신도심 지역
3. 혼합지역

제4장 성남형 주민자치회 구성 및 운영 방향
제1절 성남시의 특징과 주민자치회의 기본 방향
1. 성남시의 특징
2. 기본 방향

제2절 열린 구조의 운영
1. 새로운 주민의 참여
2. 소수자 및 사회적 약자의 참여 보장
3. 기존 단체 및 공동체 유입
4. 온·오프라인 혼합형 운영
5. 구성 및 운영

제3절 주민자치역량 강화
1. 교육프로그램 운영
2. 지역자원조사
3. 주민자치회 구성 및 운영
4. (마을)자치계획 수립 및 주민총회 개최
5. 갈등조정

제4절 주민자치 통합형 운영 및 자립기반 구축
1. 주민자치회 운영 및 사업실행 주체
2. 사업실행예산 확보
3. 사업 운영
4. 소통공간과 연결, 공동생산

제5절 행정혁신
1. 권한 위임 및 위탁
2. 행정혁신
3. 공무원 교육

제6절 조례 개정
1. 조례 개정 방법
2. 주민자치회 조례안
3. 연관 조례 개정안

제5장 성남형 주민자치회
제1절 성남형 주민자치회 모델
1. 성남형 주민자치회 모델
2. 단계별 도입 방안
3. 단계 및 단위별 운영 체계
4. 지역 특성별 운영 방안

제2절 지속가능성 평가 방안
1. 평가의 목적
2. 평가지표
3. 평가지표별 측정 방법
# 참고문헌

■ 연구진
손정혁 희망제작소 연구위원
오지은 희망제작소 센터장
기은환 희망제작소 연구원
이시원 희망제작소 연구원

■ 펴낸날
2020. 12.

■ 과업명
2020 서울시 예산학교 운영

■ 주최
서울특별시

■ 주관
희망제작소

■ 사업기간
2020.3.6.-12.28.

■ 교육목적
– 시민주권 강화를 위한 통합적 예산학교 운영
숙의예산교육, 권역별(기본) 교육, 주제 및 대상별 특화 교육의 운영 주체를 하나로 통합하여 일관된 교육 방향 및 관점을 전달하고 효과적인 운영방안을 검토함.

– 더 많은, 더 다양한 시민의 참여를 위한 새로운 참여 경로 지속적인 제시
주제 및 대상별 교육(장애인)을 보완하여 지속적인 시민참여 경로를 제공하고, 또 다른 사회적 약자를 위한 기본교육(이주민, 사회재난)을 설계함. 온라인 교육을 신규 기획·개설하여 오프라인 교육참여가 어려운 시민의 참여예산 학습 통로를 마련함.

– 시민참여예산학교의 질적 개선을 위한 교육내용 및 과정 안정화
교육내용 및 운영방식을 집중적으로 고민할 수 있으며, 교육 일정 및 장소를 다양하게 제공할 수 있는 위탁 교육의 장점을 살려, 안정적인 교육 제공을 통해 시민의 예측 가능한 참여(능동적인 참여)를 유도함.

■ 목차
Ⅰ. 예산학교 개요
1. 사업 개요
2. 교육 운영 개요

Ⅱ. 교육과정 기획 및 개발
1. 기획 배경 및 목적
2. 공통교재 제작
3. 숙의예산과정
4. 참여예산과정 「권역별(기본) 교육」
5. 참여예산과정 「특화 교육」
6. 참여예산과정 「온라인 교육」

Ⅲ. 교육 운영
1. 교육 운영 결과
2. 디자인 및 홍보
3. 기록물 제작
4. 기타

Ⅳ. 신청자·수료자 특성 및 설문조사 결과 분석
1. 신청자·수료자 특성
2. 설문조사 결과 분석
3. 요약

Ⅴ. 평가 및 제언
1. 예산학교 기획
2. 예산학교 운영
3. 온라인 교육
4. 시민참여예산제 운영

Ⅵ. 부록
1. 교육 사진
2. 워크숍 결과물
3. 교육 설문지

■ 펴낸 날
2020. 12. 16.

■ 과업명
울주군 청년실태조사 및 청년정책 기본계획 수립

■ 발주처
울산 울주군청

■ 과업기간
2020.4.14.~2020.12.31.

■ 과업목적
– 청년세대의 문제 심화 및 지역소멸 위기
– 청년정책 법적 기반 강화 및 확대 추세
– 청년문제에 대한 행정의 종합적 접근 필요
– 지역 특성을 반영한 청년정책 발굴 필요

■ 목차
제1장. 연구 개요
Ⅰ. 연구의 개요
Ⅱ. 연구의 배경 및 목적
Ⅲ. 연구 수행전략 및 추진체계

제2장. 울주군 청년정책 기본계획 비전 체계
Ⅰ. 청년정책 기본계획 방향 설정
Ⅱ. 비전 체계
Ⅲ. 민선7기 실천계획 연계

제3장. 정책과제 세부 내용
Ⅰ. [목표1] 탄탄한 청년정책 추진기반 마련
Ⅱ. [목표2] 든든한 청년일자리 발굴
Ⅲ. [목표3] 신나는 청년문화 활성화
Ⅳ. [목표4] 촘촘한 청년 기본생활권 보장

제4장. 투자 및 재원조달 계획
Ⅰ. 분야별 투자 계획
Ⅱ. 예산 확보 방안

■ 연구진
연구책임
정창기 희망제작소 대안연구센터 센터장

연구진
김창민 희망제작소 대안연구센터 부센터장
이다현 희망제작소 대안연구센터 연구원
박효원 희망제작소 대안연구센터 연구원
허 웅 희망제작소 대안연구센터 연구원
이규홍 희망제작소 대안연구센터 연구원
박지호 희망제작소 기획팀 팀장
손정혁 희망제작소 시민주권센터 연구원

■ 펴낸 날
2020.12.

■ 과업명
구로구 마을공동체 및 주민자치 융합을 위한 중간지원조직의 역할 모색 연구

■ 발주처
구로구 마을자치센터

■ 과업기간
2020. 8. 31. ~ 2020. 12. 11.

■ 과업목적
– 구로구 마을공동체와 주민자치위원회 간의 유기적 연결 방안을 모색
– 실질적 주민자치의 실현을 위한 구로구 주민자치회 추진 방향을 도출

■ 목차
제1장 연구의 개요

제2장 마을공동체 및 주민자치 추진현황
1. 마을공동체 추진현황
1) 마을공동체 추진근거
2) 마을공동체 운영현황
3) 구로구 마을공동체 운영현황
2. 주민자치 추진현황
1) 주민자치 추진근거
2) 주민자치위원회 운영
3) 주민자치회 운영
3. 요약 및 시사점

제3장 구로구 마을공동체 및 주민자치 참여주민 인식조사
1. 개요
2. 심층인터뷰
1) 심층인터뷰 개요
2) 심층인터뷰 분석
3. 설문조사
1) 설문조사 개요
2) 설문조사 분석
4. 요약 및 시사점

제4장 구로구 마을공동체 및 주민자치 융합을 위한 과제
1. 융합을 위한 방향
2. 융합을 위한 중간지원조직 역할 및 과제
부록

■ 연구진
정창기 희망제작소 대안연구센터 센터장
이규홍 희망제작소 대안연구센터 연구원
이다현 희망제작소 대안연구센터 연구원

■ 펴낸 날
2020.12.

■ 과업명
디지털사회혁신지원센터 구축 및 운영

■ 발주처
한국지능정보사회진흥원 (구 한국정보화진흥원)

■ 과업기간
2020. 7. ~ 2020. 12.

■ 과업목적
– 공공도서관(서울도서관), 대학(연세대), 공익재단(희망제작소)이 협업하여 디지털 기술과 사회를 잇는 중심축(hub)역할 제공
– 기술진보의 과정과 성과물이 사회문제를 해결하는 혁신으로 이어지도록 지원

■ 목차
1.서울DSI SHINY Net 개요
1) 서울DSI 추진배경 및 소개
2) 서울DSI 핵심 키워드
3) 참여기관 역할 및 추진목표
4) 사업 추진경위 보고

2. 서울DSI 세부과제별 추진내용
1) 과제 개요
2) 전문인력 양성교육
3) DSI 센터 구축 및 운영
4) 콘텐츠 제작 및 지역확산

3. DSI 사업평가 및 제언
1) 사업평가 및 제언

■ 연구진
이동욱 시민주권센터 연구원
유 진 시민주권센터 연구원
이시원 시민주권센터 연구원

■ 펴낸 날
2021.2.

편가르기 정치, 무너진 인권

암울한 시대에 변화를 만드는 것은 평범한 시민의 힘

국제앰네스티는 22일 전세계 159개 국가의 인권 상황을 정리한 ‘2016/17 연례인권보고서’(이하 보고서)를 발표했다.

김희진 국제앰네스티 한국지부 사무처장은 “한국 정부는 인권보장의 책무를 뒤로한 채 강력한 권위로 정부에 반대하는 사람들의 평화적인 목소리를 억압하고 통제했다. 백남기 사건에 대한 조사는 지금까지도 지연되고 있으며 책임자 처벌은 이뤄지지 않았다”고 했다.

이번 보고서에서 국제앰네스티는 한국 인권상황에 대해 평화적 집회와 표현의 자유에 대한 권리 제한이 계속되고 있다는 점을 지적했다. 백남기 농민 사건은 아무도 책임지지 않은 채 2016년 말까지 수사가 종료된 반면, 민중총궐기 등 다수의 집회를 공동주최했던 한상균 민주노총 위원장에게는 발 빠르게 유죄를 선고하는 이중적인 모습을 보였다. 여기에 공중파 방송과 언론사의 보도에 개입한 정황이 드러나고 국가보안법의 자의적 남용을 통한 구금과 기소가 계속되는 등 정부에 반대하는 사람들을 목소리를 억압했던 기록들을 담았다.

김희진 사무처장은 “분노와 분열의 정치가 한국을 비롯해 전세계를 휩쓸었다. 경제와 안보에 대한 사람들의 두려움을 이용한 ‘편가르기’ 정치는 기존에 어렵게 성취한 인권 성과들을 후퇴시키고, 여성, 인종, LGBTI 등 소수자를 표적으로 한 혐오 발언을 증가시켰다” 며 “올해 대통령 선거를 앞둔 한국사회는 산적한 인권 문제를 해결하고 앞으로 나아갈지, 분열의 정치로 퇴보할지 그 기로에 서있다”고 말했다.

“2016년은 분명 암울한 징표들로 가득한 시기였다. 하지만 변화는 평범한 시민들로부터 나온다는 것을 우리는 지난 12월 촛불을 통해 확인했다. 인권은 한 명의 정치인이 아니라 시민의 힘으로 발전한다”라고 덧붙였다.

이 외에도 보고서는 최소 95명을 사망에 이르게 한 영국계 기업 옥시래킷벤키저(옥시)의 가습기 살균제 사건과 인천공항에서 수개월 동안 비인도적 환경에서 억류된 난민과 비호신청자 문제 등을 주목했다.

한편, 북한 내 인권상황을 조사한 북한 보고서에서는 표현의 자유와 자의적 체포와 구금, 이동의 자유와 식량권 문제, 이주노동자와 인권 등에 주목했다.

북한 정부는 내외국인에 관계 없이 표현의 자유에 대해 심각한 제한을 가하고 있다. 정부의 주선으로 해외 일자리를 구한 수천 여명이 가혹한 노동환경에 노출돼 있으며 한국에 들어온 탈북 주민 수는 증가했다. 작년 한 해 한국에 도착한 북한주민 수는 1,414명이다. 이는 2015년에 비해 11% 증가한 수치로, 김정은 체제가 시작된 2011년 이후 처음으로 증가했다.

아놀드 팡(Arnold Fang) 국제앰네스티 동아시아 조사관은 “북한 주민들은 표현의 자유, 통신의 자유, 이동의 자유 등 여전히 대부분의 인권 침해를 당한 채 고통받고 있다”고 밝혔다. /끝.

※ 첨부
1. 2016/17 국제앰네스티 연례인권보고서(국문) 바로가기
2. 2016/17 국제앰네스티 연례인권보고서(영문) 바로가기
3. 세계인권현황 브리핑

첨부3. 세계인권현황 브리핑

분열과 공포 조장하는 ‘악마의 정치’

• 2016/17 국제앰네스티 연례인권보고서 발표
• 강대국의 인권 후퇴, ‘도미노 효과’ 위험
• 살릴 셰티 사무총장, 국제사회가 대규모 잔혹행위에 대응하지 못하면서 “다시는 반복하지 않겠다”는 약속이 무의미해졌다고 경고

국제앰네스티는 오늘 세계 인권 현황을 분석한 ‘2016/17 연례인권보고서'(이하 보고서)에서 정치인들의 비인간적인 ‘편가르기’ 독설로 세계는 더욱 분열되고 위험한 곳으로 변해가고 있다고 경고했다.

국제앰네스티의 <세계 인권 현황> 연례인권보고서는 가장 포괄적으로 세계 인권 상황을 분석한 것으로, 159개 국가의 현황을 다루고 있다. 보고서는 유럽과 미국 등지의 ‘편가르기’ 발언으로 전세계의 인권 후퇴는 가속화되고, 국제사회가 대규모 잔혹행위에 대해 위험하리만치 나약하게 책임을 떠넘기는 결과를 불러왔다고 경고했다.

살릴 셰티(Salil Shetty) 국제앰네스티 사무총장은 “2016년에는 비난과 혐오, 공포를 조장하는 ‘편가르기’ 언어가 남용된 한 해였다. 전세계적으로 두드러진 이 현상은 1930년대 이후로 유례를 찾을 수 없는 수준이다. 많은 정치인이 경제와 안보에 대한 사람들의 타당한 두려움에 유해하고 분열적인 속임수로 답하며 선거에서 표를 얻으려 하고 있다”고 말했다.

또한 “분열의 위기를 조성하는 것은 세계 정세를 위협했다. 트럼프, 오르반, 에르도안, 두테르테를 비롯해 갈수록 많은 정치인이 스스로를 반체제주의자라고 칭하며, 한 집단 전체를 박해하고 희생양으로 삼아 비인간적인 처지로 내모는 악질적인 의제들을 휘두르고 있다. 오늘날의 악마의 정치는 한 집단의 인간성을 박탈하고, 인간 이하에 해당하는 사람도 있다는 위험한 사상을 거리낌 없이 유포하고 있다. 이는 인간 본성의 가장 어두운 면을 자극했다”고 말했다.

악마의 정치로 인한 전세계 인권 후퇴

2016년의 엄청난 정치적 소용돌이는 인간 본성의 어두운 면을 자극하는 혐오 발언의 잠재력을 보여줬다. 분노와 분열 정치의 세계적 추세는 도널드 트럼프 대통령의 유해한 유세 발언에서 가장 전형적으로 드러난다. 그러나 세계 각지의 다른 정치 지도자들 역시 공포와 비난, 분열의 서사에 미래의 권력을 걸었다.

이러한 발언은 갈수록 더 만연하게 정책과 활동에 영향을 준다. 2016년 각국 정부는 전쟁범죄를 모른 체하고, 비호 신청의 권리를 침해하는 합의를 강행했다. 표현의 자유를 침해하는 법이 통과됐고, 마약 사용의 혐의만으로도 살해할 수 있도록 부추기고, 고문과 대량 감시를 정당화하고, 경찰력의 강력한 권한을 더욱 확장했다.

또한 각국 정부는 희생양으로 몰기 쉬운 난민과 이주민을 겨냥하기도 했다. 보고서는 36개 국가가 국제법을 위반하며 난민을 인권이 위협받는 국가로 불법 송환한 정황을 수록했다.

가장 최근에는 트럼프 대통령이 당선 전의 외국인 혐오 발언을 실천에 옮기며, 미국으로의 난민 유입을 제한하는 행정명령을 내린 바 있다. 시리아와 같이 전쟁 폐허가 된 국가의 분쟁과 박해를 피해 안전한 피난처를 찾아 미국으로 온 사람들을 차단한 것이다.

한편 호주는 의도적으로 난민을 나우루와 마누스 섬에 고립시켜 끔찍한 고통을 줬고, 유럽연합(EU)은 난민에게 터키가 안전한 곳이 아님에도 터키로 송환하는 내용의 신중하지 못한 불법 조약을 체결했으며, 멕시코와 미국은 중앙아메리카의 만연한 폭력을 피해 온 난민들을 계속해서 강제 추방했다.

그 외에 중국, 이집트, 에티오피아, 인도, 이란, 태국, 터키에서는 대규모 탄압이 이루어졌다. 프랑스는 정부의 비상권한을 연장하고 영국에서 전례 없는 대규모의 감시법이 통과되는 등 다른 국가들도 선을 넘는 안보 조치를 강행했다. 이러한 ‘독재자(strongman)’ 정치의 다른 특징은 반 여성주의, 반 LGBTI적 발언이 증가한 점이다. 폴란드에서는 여성 권리를 후퇴시키려는 시도 때문에 대규모 시위가 일어나기도 했다.

살릴 셰티 사무총장은 “인권을 위해 싸우기보다 정치적 편의를 위해 비인간적인 입장을 취한 지도자들이 너무 많다. 또한 특정 집단을 희생양으로 삼아 이들의 인권을 침해하면서 정치적 점수를 얻으려 하거나, 경제적, 사회적 권리를 달성하지 못한 정부의 과오를 가리려 하고 있다”고 말했다.

“2016년, 인간성 말살의 가장 유해한 형태가 세계 주류 정치에서 지배적인 힘을 발휘하게 됐다. 용납될 수 있는 한계가 변했고, 정치인들은 뻔뻔하고도 적극적으로 여성혐오, 인종차별, 동성애혐오와 같이 사람의 정체성에 기반한 혐오발언 및 정책을 합리화하고 있다. 난민이 첫 번째 표적이었으며, 이러한 추세가 2017년에도 계속된다면 또 다른 대상이 공격의 대상이 될 것이다. 그 여파로 인종, 성별, 국적, 종교에 대한 공격은 더 많아질 것이다. 우리가 서로를 같은 인권을 지닌 같은 사람으로 인식하지 않게 된다면 더욱 깊은 나락으로 빠져들게 될 것”이라고 말했다.

대규모 잔혹행위에 등 돌린 세계

국제앰네스티는 혼란스러운 세계 무대에서 인권 리더십의 참담한 부재로 2017년에는 지금의 위기가 더욱 악화될 것이라고 전망했다. ‘편가르기’ 정치 역시 국제적인 수준으로 확장돼, 세계 질서는 다자주의를 대신해 폭력과 대립이 확장될 것이다.

살릴 셰티 사무총장은 “세계 지도자들이 다른 국가의 인권침해에 압력을 가하려는 정치적 의지가 전무하다. 대규모 잔혹행위에 대한 책무성에서 비호 신청권까지 기본적인 원칙조차 위태로워졌다.
한때 세계의 인권을 위해 투쟁한다던 국가들도 다른 나라에 책임을 돌리며 자국 인권을 후퇴시키기에 바쁘다. 각 국가의 기본적인 인권 보장이 퇴보할 때마다, ‘도미노 효과’처럼 국가 지도자들이 확립된 인권 보호 제도를 붕괴시켜버릴 위험은 더욱 커진다”고 말했다.

세계가 해결하려는 정치적 의지를 거의 보이지 않는 위기를 길게 나열하자면, 시리아, 예멘, 리비아, 아프가니스탄, 중앙아메리카, 중앙아프리카공화국, 부룬디, 이라크, 남수단, 수단 등이 있다. 보고서는 2016년 23개 이상의 국가에서 발생한 전쟁범죄를 기록했다.

이러한 문제에도 전쟁범죄에 대한 국제사회의 무관심은 고질적인 일상이 되었다. 유엔 안전보장이사회는 상임이사국 간의 신경전으로 역할이 마비된 상태다.

살릴 셰티 사무총장은 “2017년 초에도 대부분의 강대국이 국제적 공조의 비용 대신 협소한 자국의 이익만을 추구하고 있다. 이는 더 혼란스럽고 위험한 세계로 우리를 몰아갈 수 있다. 인권을 국익의 방해물로 인식하는 새로운 세계 질서가 확립되며 대규모 잔혹행위에 대응할 국제사회의 역량은 위험하리만치 축소되었다. 인류 역사상 가장 암울했던 시기를 연상할 만한 인권침해가 일어날 가능성도 열렸다”고 말했다.

또한 “국제사회는 이미 2016년에 일어난 셀 수 없이 많은 잔혹행위에 철저한 침묵으로 일관했다. 알레포에서는 공포가 실시간으로 계속되고, 필리핀에서는 ‘마약과의 전쟁’으로 경찰에게 수천 명이 살해되었으며, 다르푸르에서는 화학무기가 사용되고 수백 개의 마을이 불에 탔다. 2017년 가장 큰 의문은 국제사회가 언제까지 아무런 조치 없이 잔혹행위를 방관할 것인가 라는 점”이라고 말했다.

누가 인권을 위해 일어설 것인가?

국제앰네스티는 번영과 안보라는 막연한 약속의 대가로 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 확립된 인권을 퇴보시키려는 편협한 시도에 저항할 것을 촉구한다.

이번 보고서에서는 권력에 맞서 인권을 옹호한 사람들, 때로는 정부로부터 경제 발전과 안보 등 우선순위에 대한 위협으로 간주되는 이들을 지키기 위해 국제적 연대와 대중의 운동이 특히 중요한 역할을 할 것이라고 강조하고 있다.

보고서에는 2016년 22개국에서 평화적으로 인권을 지지하다 목숨을 잃은 사람들의 사례가 담겨 있다. 그 중에는 강대한 경제적 이익집단에 맞서고, 소수집단과 작은 지역사회를 옹호하고, 여성과 LGBTI 인권에 대한 전통적 장벽에 반대하다 표적이 된 사람들을 포함한다. 2016년 3월 3일 온두라스의 선주민 지도자이자 인권활동가였던 베르타 카세레스(Berta Cáceres)가 살해되어 동료들은 공포에 떨었음에도 처벌받은 사람은 아무도 없다.

살릴 셰티 사무총장은 “우리는 정부가 인권을 옹호하도록 마냥 기다릴 수 없다. 우리가 직접 행동해야 한다. 특정 집단을 악으로 만들려는 정치적 노력에도, 우리는 그 어느 때보다 모든 사람의 존엄과 평등이라는 기본적 가치를 지키기 위해 일어서야 한다”고 강조했다.

그는 이어 “우리는 인권침해 가해자를 밝혀내기 위해 정부가 지닌 모든 권한과 영향력을 동원할 것을 촉구해야 한다. 암울한 시기일수록 일어서서 변화를 만들어 낸 것은 ‘평범한 사람들’이었다. 미국의 시민권 활동, 남아프리카의 인종차별정책 반대 활동 또는 전세계의 여성권 및 LGBTI 운동에서 볼 수 있다. 지금 우리 모두 이러한 난관에 맞서 일어서야 한다”고 덧붙였다. /끝.

■ 사업명
2020 온갖문제연구소

■ 사업 목적
<2020 온갖문제연구소>는 시민이 주도하여 사회문제를 고민하고 대안을 모색할 수 있는 온라인 플랫폼을 구축하고, 시민 연구자의 선정 및 지원을 통해 모든 시민이 연구자인 시대를 열고자 함.

■ 사업 기간
2020. 8. ~ 2021. 3.

■ 연구진
시민연구자 강지수

■ 연구 주제
올바른 분리배출 방법을 전달을 위한 비주얼 커뮤니케이션 연구
– 택배를 애용하는 2030 1인 가구를 중심으로

■ 목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 기존 사례조사
Ⅲ. 프로토타입 제작 및 실험
Ⅳ. 최종 인사이트 설정 및 반영 결과
Ⅴ. 최종 결과물 도출
Ⅵ. 결론

■ 사업명
2020 온갖문제연구소

■ 사업 목적
<2020 온갖문제연구소>는 시민이 주도하여 사회문제를 고민하고 대안을 모색할 수 있는 온라인 플랫폼을 구축하고, 시민 연구자의 선정 및 지원을 통해 모든 시민이 연구자인 시대를 열고자 함.

■ 사업 기간
2020. 8. ~ 2021. 3.

■ 연구진
시민연구자 손가락 끝의 희망 팀(신은혜, 차형주)

■ 연구 주제
국내 아동·청소년 성착취 피해 지원 민간 서비스 개발을 위한 연구
– 기관, 아동·청소년 관련 현황을 중심으로

■ 목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 현황 분석
Ⅲ. 결론

■ 과업명
은평구 마을공동체 정책지원을 통한 주민의 성장 및 지역사회 활성화 연구

■ 발주처
은평구 마을공동체 지원센터

■ 과업기간
2021. 3. ~ 2021. 5.

■ 과업목적
– 마을공동체 참여 경험 조사
– 은평구 마을공동체 정책 성과 및 제언 도출

■ 목차
제1장 연구 개요
Ⅰ. 연구의 개요
Ⅱ. 연구의 배경 및 목적
Ⅲ. 연구 수행방법 및 추진체계

제2장 국내 마을공동체 추진 현황
Ⅰ. 마을공동체 선행연구
Ⅱ. 서울시 마을공동체 추진 현황
Ⅲ. 타 지역 마을공동체 추진 사례

제3장 은평구 정책 추진 현황
Ⅰ. 은평구 현황
Ⅱ. 은평구 마을공동체 정책

제4장 은평구 마을공동체참여 경험 조사
Ⅰ. 마을 활동 참여자 설문조사
Ⅱ. 마을 활동 참여자 FGI
Ⅲ. FGI 텍스트 네트워크 분석
Ⅳ. 참여 경험 종합 분석

제5장 은평구 마을공동체정책 성과분석
Ⅰ. 은평구마을공동체지원센터 활동 성과
Ⅱ. 주민 성장 및 지역사회 활성화를 위한 제언

참고문헌

■ 연구진
이다현 연구사업본부 연구원
손혜진 연구사업본부 연구원

외부연구진
김어진 도시공학 박사

■ 펴낸 날
2021.05.

내용없는 거짓보고서 남발하는 IAEA 규탄한다! 거짓말 보고서 그대로 수용하는 윤석열 정부 규탄한다!

2024년 2월 5일 일본방사성오염수해양투기저지공동행동